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Cadafael ap Cynfeddw ((英語:Cadafael son of Cynfeddw)) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 634 – c. 655). He came to the throne when his predecessor, King Cadwallon ap Cadfan, was killed in battle, and his primary notability is in having gained the disrespectful sobriquet ''Cadafael Cadomedd'' (fully translated into (英語:Battle-Seizer the Battle-Decliner)). Unusual for the era, King Cadafael was not a member of one of the leading families of Gwynedd. His name appears in the ''Welsh Triads'' as one of the ''"Three kings, who were of the sons of strangers"'' (sometimes referred to as the ''"Three Peasant Kings"''), where he is identified as "Cadafael, son of Cynfeddw in Gwynedd".〔, ''Red Book of Hergest'' — Three kings, who were of the sons of strangers: Gwryat, son of Gwryan yn y Gogled; and Cadafel, son of Cynfedw in Gwynedd; and Hyreidd Hir, son of Bleidic in Deheubarth.〕 Cadafael's reign was a critical time for the future of the ''Cymry'' (i.e., the Welsh and the Brythonic 'Men of the North' taken together, exclusive of all others). There was an alliance of the ''Cymry'' with Penda of Mercia initially forged by Cadwallon ap Cadfan, and there was ongoing warfare against the then-ascendant Kingdom of Northumbria. Though the alliance was effective and enjoyed several notable successes, it would end disastrously with the death of Penda and a Northumbrian supremacy both in the north and in the English Midlands. The kingdoms of Pengwern, Manaw Gododdin, Gododdin, and Rheged would be permanently obliterated. The kingdoms of Gwynedd, Powys, and Alt Clud would be diminished. The blame for it fell hardest on Cadafael's reputation. == Background == When Cadafael's predecessor Cadwallon ap Cadfan came to the throne c. 625, the fortunes of the Kingdom of Gwynedd were at low ebb. Edwin of Northumbria was everywhere successful, having conquered and absorbed the Cymry of Elmet and decisively defeated the Welsh at Chester in 616. Edwin would launch a successful occupation of Lindsey in 625, and he invaded and defeated Wessex in 626. He would also invade and occupy Anglesey, besieging Cadwallon on ''Ynys Seiriol'' ((英語:Island of Saint Seiriol)), off easternmost Anglesey, and forcing him to flee to Ireland.〔, ''A History of Wales, Vol. I''〕 When Cadwallon returned he was able to restore Gwynedd to a position of viability. This was largely accomplished through an alliance of the Welsh kings of Gwynedd, Powys, and Pengwern with the ambitious Penda, king of Anglian Mercia, who like the Welsh was threatened by Edwin's successes. Together they would contest Northumbria's rise, and the alliance would ultimately defeat and kill Edwin in 633 at the Battle of Hatfield Chase ((ウェールズ語:Gwaith Meigen)) near Doncaster in South Yorkshire. Northumbria was then split back into its separate predecessor kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira, and Cadwallon defeated and killed their new kings, Eanfrith of Bernicia and Osric of Deira, as well.〔, ''A History of Wales''〕 Northumbria's core lands were then devastated. Cadwallon's success had brought renewed hope for a bright future, but it was transitory. Eanfrith's Bernician successor Oswald would reunite Northumbria into one kingdom, leading off at the Battle of Heavenfield (''Bellum Cantscaul'' in the ''Annales Cambriae'') near Hexham in 634, where he defeated and killed Cadwallon. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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